Beohar Rammanohar Sinha was a prominent figure in Indian history, known for his contributions during the country's formative years. As a member of the Constituent Assembly of India, he played a role in the drafting of the Indian Constitution. Sinha's signature on this historic document carries a unique characteristic that reflects his identity and cultural heritage.

On the Preamble page of the Indian Constitution, Sinha chose to sign his name in a concise form, using the Devanagari script. He wrote simply "राम," which is "Ram" in English, a name that holds significant cultural and religious resonance in India. This short signature is symbolic, representing not only his personal identity but also a connection to the broader cultural ethos of the nation.

Throughout the rest of the Constitution, Sinha signed his name more fully as "rammanohar." This variation in his signature showcases a blend of simplicity and formality, perhaps indicating the gravity and the meticulous nature of the work involved in drafting the Constitution. In some instances, he also used a red seal alongside his signature, which included his surname "Sinha." This seal added an official touch to his contributions and marked his involvement with a sense of authenticity and pride.

Beohar Rammanohar Sinha's signatures on the Indian Constitution are a testament to his dedication and the respect he held for the foundational document of the nation. His choice of script and the variations in his signatures provide a glimpse into his personality and the cultural richness of the period.

Kala Pani (officially known as the Cellular Jail) is one of India’s most haunting symbols of colonial oppression, located in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Here’s a detailed look at its history and legacy:

Year of Establishment: The British started using the Andaman Islands as a penal colony after the 1857 revolt (First War of Independence), establishing the initial prison at Viper Island in 1858. However, construction of the iconic Cellular Jail (Kala Pani) itself began in 1896 and was completed in 1906.

Year of Operation: Kala Pani officially started operating as a jail from 1906. It quickly became infamous for housing Indian freedom fighters, revolutionaries, and political prisoners who challenged British authority.

Architecture and Punishment: The prison featured seven wings radiating from a central watchtower, designed so inmates were strictly isolated, preventing communication. Prisoners suffered harsh punishments, including solitary confinement, hard labor, poor food, torture, and lack of medical care. Notable inmates included Veer Savarkar and Batukeshwar Dutt.

Year of Closure: The jail's use as a colonial prison effectively ended around 1945–1947, just after India’s independence. However, it stopped functioning as a major prison by 1939 following growing backlash and the Japanese occupation during World War II. After independence, much of the jail was demolished, but three wings survive and are now preserved as a national monument and museum.

Legacy: Kala Pani stands today as a powerful reminder of the sacrifices made by Indian freedom fighters. It’s a must-visit for anyone interested in India’s struggle for independence and serves as a tribute to the resilience and spirit of its inmates.

List of Freedom Fighters Incarcerated in Cellular Jail (1909-1938)

Freedom Fighters Incarcerated Cellular Jail (1909-1921)

Bombay (3)

Punjab (73)

United Province (10)

Bengal (46)

Freedom Fighters Incarcerated in Cellular Jail (1922-1931)

United Province (2)

Madras (6)

Freedom Fighters Incarcerated in Cellular Jail (1932-1938)

Punjab (2)

Delhi (2)

United Province (11)

Bihar (18)

Bengal (338)

Assam (2)

      (TOTAL-585         SIKH-94        HINDUS-488        MUSLIMS-03)

The United Provinces of British India, more commonly known as the United Provinces, was a province of British India, which came into existence on 3 January 1921 as a result of the renaming of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. It corresponded approximately to the combined regions of the present-day Indian states of Uttar_Pradesh and Uttarakhand. It ceased to exist on 1 April 1937 when it was renamed as the United Provinces.